Debian 是目前使用最广泛的 Linux 操作系统之一，但是在国内使用环境中，常会遇到使用官方源时速度较慢的情况。这时候，可以通过更换国内源来提升下载速度和软件更新速度。本文将主要介绍如何更换 Debian 国内源。
一、备份原 sources.list 文件
在修改源之前，建议先备份原来的 sources.list 文件以防意外。可以使用以下命令来备份：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak这样就能在需要恢复时，使用以下命令恢复原文件：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list二、选择国内软件源
目前国内可供选择的软件源比较多，使用较为广泛的有：阿里云镜像站、腾讯云镜像站、网易镜像站、中科大镜像站等。
阿里云镜像站
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib腾讯云镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib网易镜像站
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib华为镜像站
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib清华大学镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-freedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-freedeb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free中科大镜像站
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free更多镜像站，可以浏览 Debian 全球镜像站获取：https://www.debian.org/mirror/list
三、更换国内软件源
使用方法如下：
1. 在 sources.list 文件中添加以下内容：
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list2. 在其中添加以下内容，或者从上述分享的其他源选择添加：
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib注意：以上命令的操作需要管理员权限。
另一种方法：
一般情况下也可以直接将 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件中 Debian 默认的软件仓库地址和安全更新仓库地址修改为国内的镜像地址即可，比如将 deb.debian.org 和 security.debian.org 改为 mirrors.aliyun.com，并使用 https 访问。使用如下命令即可：
sed -i "s@http://\(deb\|security\).debian.org@https://mirrors.aliyun.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list接下来更新一下系统包列表：
sudo apt-get update参考阅读
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